All the inhabitants of my private pantheon are writers. Even Abraham Lincoln and Louis Armstrong wrote better-than-serviceable prose. Shoulder to shoulder with the more obvious characters – Dr. Johnson, Chekhov, Zbigniew Herbert – is a figure best known as a pioneering, Canadian-born physician: Dr. William Osler (1849-1919). He was co-founder of Johns Hopkins Hospital and established the first residency program for medical students. He was also a bookman, a musty term I’d like to see resuscitated. A reader, yes, and sometimes a book collector, but without the taint of pedantry or snobbishness. Someone whose sensibility is suffused with books, language and learning.
About ten years ago I
found a third edition (1932) of Osler’s extravagantly titled Aequanimitas,
with Other Addresses to Medical Students, Nurses and Practitioners of Medicine,
first published in 1904. I paid four dollars for it. The title word means “equanimity”
or “imperturbability.” One of the lectures included is “Men and Books,” in which he quotes or alludes to Johnson, Bunyan, Milton, Cotton Mather, Horace, James
Russell Lowell, Washington Irving and many doctors. At the end of the volume, Osler
adds a “Bed-side Library for Medical Students.” He assures us a liberal
education “may be had at a very slight cost of time and money,” urges
medical students to “get the education, if not of a scholar, at least of a
gentleman,” and suggests:
“Before going to sleep
read for half an hour, and in the morning have a book open on your dressing table.
You will be surprised to find how much can be accomplished in the course of a
year.”
His Bed-side Library
includes the Old and New Testaments, Shakespeare, Montaigne and Plutarch, among
others. Elsewhere, Osler calls Burton’s Anatomy of Melancholy “the
greatest medical treatise written by a layman.” He spent years searching for the books used by Burton, identifying 580 volumes in the Bodleian and 429 in the Christ Church Library.
Osler was not a one-book man. After his death, Osler’s first edition of his
favorite book, Sir Thomas Browne’s Religio Medici, rested on his coffin.
On the night before his burial, his family was pleased that his body remained
in the Lady Chapel at Christ Church, near Burton’s tomb and effigy.
I recommend William
Osler: A Life in Medicine (1999) by the Canadian historian Michael Bliss. As
a physician, we learn, Osler treated William and Henry James, Walt Whitman and
James Murray, the founding editor of the Oxford English Dictionary, and
he befriended Rudyard Kipling and Mark Twain. I also recommend A Way of Life
and Selected Writings of Sir William Osler, which includes pieces on Browne
and Burton. In the Browne essay, Osler indulges his love of fanciful
convergences:
“The Anatomy of
Melancholy, which appeared in 1621, must have proved a stimulating bonne-bouche
[savory morsel or tidbit] for the Oxford men of the day, and I like to think of
the eagerness with which so ardent a student as Browne of Pembroke would have
pounced on the second and enlarged edition which appeared in 1624. He may,
indeed, have been a friend of Burton, or he may have formed one of a group of
undergraduates to watch Democritus Junior leaning over the bridge and laughing
at the bargees as they swore at each other. It is stated, I know not on what
authority, that Browne practiced in Oxford for a time.”
In a pleasing bibliophilic
coda, the first biography of Osler was written by one of his students, Dr.
Harvey Cushing (1869-1939), the American neurosurgeon. The two-volume work was
published in 1925 and Cushing was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for biography the
following year. In 2005, Michael Bliss published his biography of Cushing.
Osler was born on this
date, July 12, in 1849.
A local university library has Osler's "A Way of Life" and Cushing's biography. Also a couple of other books by Osler. Better get cracking, I guess.
ReplyDeleteJust noticed an interesting coincidence: Osler and Cushing were born 20 years apart and died 20 years apart. Both were pioneering medical men and both died at 70.
ReplyDeleteThe compilation published under the title A Way of Life in 2001 by Duke University Press is a masterpiece of annotation, a restorative against cultural amnesia; the editors' crown in heaven can't have too many stars.
ReplyDeleteHere is the Choice review:
Sir William Osler's essays, especially "A Way of Life," have appeared and reappeared for almost a century, so any new edition needs to justify its arrival. In 1983, Hinohara and Niki published a Japanese translation of Osler. They knew that their audience would be unfamiliar with the biblical and Western classical allusions that Osler wove into his writings, so they prepared an extensive annotation--almost 800 items--to accompany the text. Lately, they have realized that passing years and changing educational customs had made Osler almost as unintelligible to US and European readers as he was to Japanese ones, so they translated their notes and appended them to the English texts. The result is impressive; it is like reading Osler in color instead of in black and white, or catching a glimpse of the 90 percent of the iceberg that remains submerged. Oslerians know that Osler had mastered the humanist as well as the medical traditions, but reading his essays in this edition displays to a new generation of physicians and those who care about medicine the depth of that mastery and perhaps entices them to read further in Osler and his sources. General readers; undergraduates through professionals. T. P. Gariepy Stonehill College
Here in San Francisco I came across the word "bookman" in a slightly different context. The owner of a used bookstore I patronized one day suffered a complete mental breakdown and was taken away by the men in white coats, never to be seen again. A few months later, at a different used bookstore in the city, I overheard the owner and his cronies (always the same cronies roosting near the cash register) chewing over the sad case, with one observing sagely: "Gotta have your shit together to be a bookman."
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